• An Artemis with weak ankles

    Diana of Gabii damaged
    the statue was missing an arm and had suffered damage to her robe

    At the same time as the two sandstone putti at the end of last year I also got the commission of restoring a statue of Diana or Artemis. It turned out to be a casting of the famous sculpture that was made by the Greek sculptor Praxiteles: the Diana of Gabii, of which the original is in the Louvre Museum.

    The statue was discovered in 1792 in the garden of the Prince of Borghese, who sold it in 1807 to Napoleon. Since 1820 it is kept in the Louvre.

    Terracotta

    Diana/Artemis had broken off at the ankles
    Diana/Artemis had broken off at the ankles

    This casting was made in terracotta, by the Berlin firm Ernst March Söhne, that mostly produced garden statues, vases and ornaments in terracotta. Presumably it dates from around the end of the 19th century.
    The sculpture was offered to my client in a damaged condition. It came, just as the two sandstone putti, from a now dismantled estate near Beverwijk. An arm was missing and there were many small damages to the robe. I first thought of hunting damage caused by an over-enthusiastic huntsman, but it could also have been caused by plaster inclusions in the terracotta which expanded over time. At least that's what my colleague Stide Vos told me , and he was trained as a ceramist.

    restored image at the sculptor's workshop

    Restoration of Artemis

    To begin with, I started to put the lady back on her feet. The ankles and the trunk were reinforced with four thick stainless steel wire ends of 16 mm thick and strong epoxy adhesive. Should any force be applied to the base plate, for example when moving the sculpture, then that pressure will be spread out from the bottom to above the knees.

    I then, once again out of stainless steel wire ends, constructed a frame for the arm, hand and fingers by welding, around which I made a whole new right arm with strong restoration mortar.

    Complete

    new right arm in restoration mortar for Artemis

    I noticed that the whole character of the sculpture changed as soon as it was complete again: from a standing doll it became a lady who is take care of her outfit; loosening the button, or as the Romans called it, a fibula, and is apparently in the process of preparing for her bath. Hence its future location by the pool really seems appropriate.

    Artemis restored statue with new arm

    It proved quite tricky to make all the details, on the fibula for instance, and that got me to think about the workmanship of the ancient Greek sculptors. I had the advantage of a solid stainless steel frame in the fingers, but Praxiteles carved the whole statue from one block of marble. The sculptor in question at the time has been carving away with great craftsmanship and the patience of an angel, making those little fingers from marble with a rasp!

    detail of the button of the dress of Artemis. Marble, Louvre.
    detail of the button of the dress of Artemis. Marble, Louvre.
  • Moses and Aaron on their way to Germany

    restored statue of Moses, Veghel

    As kids, we used to joke that Moses had the first car, because he went up the mountain in his Duckling (a Dutch play on the word for 'all alone' and a nickname for the Citroën 2CV). But this week the statue of Moses really went by car, and his brother Aaron went along with him.

    To the first message about these images.

    The past few weeks I restored the statues with restoration mortar, in intervals. In intervals, because the mortar takes quite a long time to harden and should be kept moist during that, before I can finish it and touch up on the colouring.

    Restored image of Aaron Veghel. Udelfanger sandstone

    Aaron turned out to have sustained a broken neck in the past, and Moses had a number of older repairs in which pieces were glued back on. Because it wasn't clear what adhesive was used and how it was bonded, I had to remove the old glue as much as possible. That's because the brothers are now on their way by truck to the firm Ibach in Bischberg (near Bamberg), in South Germany. There, after a lengthy process of three months drying to the core, they will be saturated with acrylic resin. That constitutues the majority of the costs of this restoration; of which my work is but a fraction.

    The saturation process and dense bonding seams do not go well together, and not at all in case it concerns polyester glue. That is why I have drilled a 40 cm deep hole through Aaron's head with a big pipe drill, right into the chest. When I took out the drill core I indeed found a short copper pen, and more adhesive. Into that drill hole I inserted a long piece of wire end of 2 cm thick and cast special pouring mortar around it. The borehole was 'capped off’ with a short piece of the original stone of his hat, and with a little mortar and color nothing can be seen anymore. Aaron's head can't possibly fall off now! The seam in his neck was completely opened up, and there too the glue was removed and replaced with mortar.

    Mozes2
    Aaron2

    All in all there were lots of larger and smaller repairs, especially on the side of Moses’ s garment, where I needed to restore whole segments. Also, I had to repair pieces of hands, and a few fingers and thumbs. Someone who doesn't know this will not see exactly what I did, because the statues still look pretty weathered.
    It was never intended that the sculptures should return to their Sunday best again, because in that case there would not be much left of the original surface anymore. The work I have done was focused on preservation and the restoration of important missing pieces.

    The statues still look a bit blotchy. That's because after cleaning with steam I largely left the surface as it was, scarred by weathering, with scattered signs of dark deposition. That too is related to the assignment I got, to preserve the statues rather than carry out a profound restoration back to the original state. Nothing wrong in showing these are original, old statues!

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